Vector vs Bitmap Graphics

1. Introduction

Digital images are created using either vector-based or bitmap-based techniques. Choosing the right format is essential for quality, performance, and scalability.

• Two major image representations
• Used for different purposes

2. Vector Graphics

Vector graphics represent images using mathematical equations such as points, lines, curves, and shapes.

• Resolution independent
• Scales without quality loss

3. Features of Vector Graphics

• Small file size
• Easy to edit
• Ideal for logos and diagrams

4. Bitmap Graphics

Bitmap graphics represent images as a grid of pixels, where each pixel has a specific color value.

• Resolution dependent
• Quality reduces on scaling

5. Features of Bitmap Graphics

• Rich color detail
• Large file size
• Suitable for photographs

6. File Formats

• Vector: SVG, AI, EPS, PDF
• Bitmap: JPEG, PNG, BMP, GIF

7. Vector vs Bitmap Comparison

Vector Graphics            Bitmap Graphics
-----------------------    -------------------------
Math-based shapes          Pixel-based images
Scalable without loss      Loses quality on scaling
Small file size            Large file size
Used for logos/icons       Used for photographs

8. Advantages

• Vector: scalability, editability
• Bitmap: realism, color depth

9. Applications

• Vector: logos, CAD drawings, icons
• Bitmap: photos, digital painting, textures

10. Choosing the Right Format

The choice between vector and bitmap graphics depends on the type of content and its intended use.

• Use vector for scalability
• Use bitmap for detailed images

Practice Questions

1. What are vector graphics?
2. Define bitmap graphics.
3. List differences between vector and bitmap graphics.
4. Give examples of vector file formats.
5. Where are bitmap images used?

Practice Task