Introduction to Database Management System (DBMS)

1. What is Data?

Data refers to raw facts and figures that have no meaning by themselves. When data is processed and organized, it becomes information.

• Examples of data: numbers, names, dates
• Processed data becomes useful information

2. What is a Database?

A database is an organized collection of related data stored electronically in a structured format so that it can be easily accessed, updated, and managed.

• Stores large volume of data
• Reduces data duplication
• Allows quick search and retrieval
• Maintains data accuracy

3. Problems with Traditional File System

Before DBMS, data was stored using file systems. These systems had several limitations.

• Data redundancy and inconsistency
• Difficulty in data access
• Data isolation
• Lack of security
• No proper backup and recovery

4. What is DBMS?

DBMS is a collection of programs that enables users to create, maintain, and manipulate databases in an efficient and secure manner.

Examples of DBMS:

• MySQL
• Oracle
• Microsoft SQL Server
• PostgreSQL

5. Objectives of DBMS

• Minimize data redundancy
• Ensure data integrity
• Provide data security
• Enable data sharing
• Provide backup and recovery

6. Advantages of DBMS

• Centralized data management
• Improved data consistency
• Better data security
• Multiple users can access data simultaneously
• Efficient data retrieval

7. Disadvantages of DBMS

• High initial cost
• Requires skilled staff
• System complexity
• Failure of DBMS affects all users

8. Applications of DBMS

• Banking and finance systems
• Airline and railway reservation systems
• University and school management systems
• Hospital management systems
• E-commerce websites
• Government record systems

Practice Questions

1. Define data and information.
2. What is a database?
3. Explain DBMS with examples.
4. List advantages and disadvantages of DBMS.
5. Why DBMS is preferred over file system?

Practice Task