• + Addition
• - Subtraction
• * Multiplication
• / Division (gives float)
• // Floor Division
• % Modulus (remainder)
• ** Exponent (power)

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)    # 13
print(a - b)    # 7
print(a * b)    # 30
print(a / b)    # 3.333...
print(a // b)   # 3
print(a % b)    # 1
print(a ** b)   # 1000

• Used to compare values (result: True/False)
• == equal to
• != not equal
• > greater than
• < less than
• >= greater than or equal
• <= less than or equal

x = 5
y = 10

print(x < y)     # True
print(x == y)    # False
print(x != y)    # True

• and : True if both conditions are True
• or : True if any condition is True
• not : reverses the result

a = 8

print(a > 5 and a < 10)   # True
print(a < 5 or a == 8)    # True
print(not(a == 8))        # False

• = assign
• +=, -=, *=, /= update and assign
• //=, %=, **= floor/mod/power and assign
• Bitwise assignment: &=, |=, ^=, <<=, >>=

x = 10
x += 5
x *= 2
x -= 3

print(x)   # 27

• Works on bits (integers)
• & AND
• | OR
• ^ XOR
• ~ NOT
• << Left shift
• >> Right shift

a = 5     # 0101
b = 3     # 0011

print(a & b)    # 1
print(a | b)    # 7
print(a ^ b)    # 6
print(~a)       # -6 (two's complement)
print(a > 1)   # 2

• in : checks if value exists in sequence
• not in : checks if value does not exist

nums = [10, 20, 30]

print(20 in nums)        # True
print(40 not in nums)    # True

text = "python"
print("py" in text)      # True

• is : True if both variables point to the same object
• is not : True if both are different objects
• Note: == checks value, is checks memory reference

a = [1, 2]
b = [1, 2]
c = a

print(a == b)   # True  (same values)
print(a is b)   # False (different objects)
print(a is c)   # True  (same object)

• Precedence decides which operator runs first.
• Use parentheses () to avoid confusion.

High to Low (common):
1) ()
2) **
3) +x, -x, ~x
4) *, /, //, %
5) +, -
6) 
7) &
8) ^
9) |
10) =, ==, !=, in, is
11) not
12) and
13) or
14) =, +=, -= ...

• Associativity decides direction when precedence is same.
• Most operators: Left to Right
• Exponent **: Right to Left

# Left to Right
print(10 - 5 - 2)     # (10 - 5) - 2 = 3

# Right to Left for **
print(2 ** 3 ** 2)    # 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 512

• Expression evaluation follows precedence and associativity rules.
• Parentheses change the natural order.

a = 10
b = 3
c = 2

exp1 = a + b * c
exp2 = (a + b) * c
exp3 = a > b and b > c
exp4 = a & b

print("a + b * c =", exp1)
print("(a + b) * c =", exp2)
print("a > b and b > c =", exp3)
print("a & b =", exp4)